Climate change, defined as a lasting modification of the planet's climatic conditions, is mainly fueled by human activities. Increased concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), are largely the result of burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and unsustainable agricultural practices. This phenomenon leads to climate disruption, characterized by a rise in global temperatures, extreme weather events, as well as a rise in sea levels.

The consequences of climate change are already visible. Heat waves, droughts and floods are affecting more and more regions, affecting vulnerable populations, particularly in developing countries. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), if immediate action is not taken, global temperatures could rise by 1.5°C to 2°C by the end of the century, which which would have catastrophic repercussions.

Policies to reduce GHG emissions

To effectively combat climate change, it is imperative that governments adopt meaningful policies to reduce GHG emissions. The Paris Agreement, signed in 2015, represents an important step in this direction. Signatory countries committed to limiting global temperature rise to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, and seeking efforts to limit it to 1.5°C.

However, the implementation of the commitments made under this agreement remains uneven. Developed countries, which are historically the largest emitters, must play a leading role in this transition by investing in clean technologies and supporting developing countries in their efforts to reduce their own emissions. Initiatives such as carbon taxes, emissions trading schemes and subsidies for renewable energy are crucial measures to incentivize emissions reductions.

Image credit © by freepik, Factory producing co2 pollution.

The transition to renewable energies

The transition to renewable energy is at the heart of the fight against climate change. Fossil fuels, which still make up the majority of the world's energy supply, must be replaced by more sustainable energy sources, such as solar, wind, hydro and geothermal power. This transition is not only necessary to reduce GHG emissions, but it also offers economic opportunities, creating jobs in the renewable energy sector.

Many countries are taking steps to encourage the use of renewable energy. For example, Germany has implemented an energy transition policy, called "Energiewende", which aims to phase out nuclear power and increase the share of renewable energies in its energy mix. At the same time, countries like Denmark and Sweden have set ambitious targets to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050.

Technological innovation also plays a key role in the energy transition. Advances in energy storage technologies, smart grids and green hydrogen hold promise for improving the efficiency and viability of renewable energy sources.

Sustainability goals and the role of business

To achieve long-term sustainability goals, it is essential to integrate sustainability principles into all spheres of society, including the business sector. Businesses have a crucial role to play in combatting climate change by adopting sustainable business practices, reducing their carbon footprint and investing in environmentally friendly solutions.

Many leading companies have already made significant commitments to reduce their GHG emissions. For example, tech giants like Google and Microsoft have committed to becoming carbon neutral. Additionally, the emergence of movements such as Responsible Investing and Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) criteria show increasing pressure on companies to adopt sustainable and transparent practices.

Consumer education and awareness are also essential. Citizens must be informed of the environmental impacts of their consumption choices and encouraged to support businesses that adopt sustainable practices.

Image credit © by freepik, Exterior portrait of kids for world environment day.

Extreme weather events and their impact

Extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, wildfires, and floods, are becoming more frequent and severe due to climate change. These events have dramatic consequences on communities, inflicting economic losses, displacing populations and affecting food security and access to water.

The most vulnerable populations, particularly those living in poor and marginalized areas, are often the most affected. These communities do not always have the resources necessary to rebuild after a disaster and are therefore more exposed to the challenges linked to climate change.

Discussions around adaptation to climate change must be prioritized, with a focus on building resilience within communities and infrastructure. Funding for adaptation, development of local strategies and community engagement are essential to mitigate the impacts of extreme climate events.

Climate change and sustainability are interconnected issues that require concerted global action. Governments, businesses and citizens must all take action to reduce GHG emissions, promote the transition to renewable energy, and ensure a sustainable future for future generations. Awareness and education are also essential to encourage responsible and sustainable behavior within society.

Ultimately, tackling climate change is not just a political or economic responsibility, but a moral imperative to ensure the health, safety and well-being of our planet and its inhabitants. The decisions made today will shape the future we leave for future generations.